Hastelloy C-276 grade: Applications and Uses

Metals that do not have required characteristics are attacked and are unsecure for specific engineering applications. Alloy C276 has corrosion resistant characteristics for which it is widely used in the nuclear reactors, refineries and chemical plants.

The commonly used welding methods are fit for Hastelloy C276 excluding the oxyacetylene process. Alloy C276 work hardens and can be fully deep drawn, spun, press formed or punched. Care should be taken to prevent wide heat supply. It is crucially mentioned by alloy experts.

Alloy C276 is also called as Hastelloy C and Inconel C276. The alloy is offered in the different forms – wire, sheet, pipe, rod, mesh and flanges.

Corrosion resistance

Alloy C276 is a nickel-molybdenum-chromium alloy that is a high performance alloy offering good resistance to corrosion in the various media. It prevents the development of grain boundary precipitates in the weld heat affected regions. Alloy C276 is fit for use in the chemical plants. It is not just used in the chemical applications, even is also used in the various industries such as petrochemical, medicine, water desalination, oil, gas and nuclear plants.

Alloy C276 is one of the rare materials that prevent corrosion in the damped chlorine gas, chlorine dioxide solutions and hypochlorite. It is also fit for marine applications. Alloy C276 is incomparable for offering resistance to marine water, this is specifically valid for crevice environments. In these environments the commonly used materials for example SS 316, Monel and other materials are attacked.

Characteristics

1.     Outstanding corrosion resistance

2.     Ideal for use in the vast applications

3.     Used in pipe fittings

4.     Resistance to localized attack such as stress corrosion cracking

5.     Withstand the damaging effects of wet chlorine gas, chlorine dioxide and hypochlorite.

6.     Used as high performance alloy

7.     Suitably handles acetic anhydride, marine conditions, ferric and cupric chlorides

8.     Ideal as heat exchangers, evaporators and reaction vessels

9.     Outstanding for handling sulphur compounds

Hastelloy C276 is a part of super alloys family. However it work hardens, it can be fully deep-drawn, spun, press formed and punched. It needs special care after fabrication.

This alloy can be welded by gas tungsten arc welding, gas metal arc welding, shielded metal arc welding and resistance welding. Nominal heat input with suitable penetration decreases the feasibility of hot rupturing. Oxyacetylene welding must be prevented because of carburization. Alloy C276 is used in the as-welded form in the various chemical and petrochemical process systems.

Wrought alloy C276 is offered in the heat processed form. It is usually solution heat processed up to 2050oF and quickly cooled. Components that are hot processed should be solution heat processed before eventual fabrication if feasible.

Alloy C276 offers great corrosion resistance to different types of chemical conditions. It prevents the attack of warm contaminated mineral acids, organic and inorganic chloride contaminated conditions, hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide solutions, formic and acetic acids, acetic anhydride, marine and brine solutions.

Alloy C276 is readily fabricated by welding, by using the methods alike to those used for nickel based alloys. 

Avoid Counterfeit Gold Bars

Counterfeit Gold Bars

The gold consumers continuously wish to shop for the pure gold solely. Regardless its cost everybody needs to buy real gold metal. However currently to form the gold cheaper many suppliers sell pretend gold metallic element. It’s in rumors that the unproven sources are marketing the gold containing Tungsten within the variety of heavy stone. Since there’s a large value distinction between the tungsten and Gold, one pound of Gold will be purchased at $18,000 whereas one pound tungsten price’s solely $25. as a result of this wider distinction, it’s thought-about as associate degree arbitrage likelihood to earn large cash for doubtful vendors to sell tungsten with the name of gold. But tungsten is known for industrial uses within the varied forms like metallic element Wire; however it’s seldom employed in the jewelery.

Variation in Tungsten and Gold Properties

 Gold is termed as the king of jewelers. Earlier days, the pure Gold was categorized  within the 9K, 12K, and 15K then on. Considering the demand of many gold merchandise are incorporated of Tungsten rather than solely Gold attributable to its light-weight   properties. With a polish, Tungsten shows resistive nature to corrosion. Thus, it requires less maintenance a bit like Gold.

The density of Gold is 19.30 weight unit per milliliter at the room temperature and its freezing point is 1947.5°F. The liquid density of Gold is 17.31 weight unit per milliliter. On the opposite side Tungsten has 19.25 weight unit per milliliter density at the normal temperature whereas the liquid Tungsten has 17.6 weight unit per  milliliter density and therefore the freezing point is extraordinarily massive up to 6192̊F.

However each of metals are employed in jewelery and has equivalent densities  but truly they’re totally different components. The tungsten metal coated with gold of 400 ounce price around $50,000 which has to pass through tests such as sound pass, chemical check, weight check and X-ray scan. Oppositely the tungsten slugs with  massive profit of $500 bar ought not to undergo chemical testing and x-ray scan. The reason is that the gold coating isn’t terribly thick to pass these tests.

How to determine the counterfeit Tungsten Gold Bar:

 It is straightforward to test the purity of Gold. It truly needs important content modifications to the bar tested that adversely have an effect on the marketability the brand exactitude was even. This is why the Gold prospectus states that none of the trustee and guardian can self ensure the exactitude of Gold provided to the trust. Despite, the consultants will determine if the Tungsten is present within the gold things. However, in many cases Tungsten  was extremely found within the gold bars.

Gold choices

 If you are worried for the purity of Gold you should additionally select alternative costly metals like Silver and Platinum that are the sturdy competitors of Gold. All 3   are terribly near one another in terms of their costs. Additionally silver and  platinum have important industrial uses. For instance Silver is employed as Silver mesh in industrial applications. The Platinum and silver are widely employed in the fashion items, mobiles and catalysts. So, to secure yourself from the counterfeit gold, silver and Platinum  give you the foremost secured choices.

Resistance to Sulfidation by Inconel 601 wire

Sulfidation by Inconel 601 Wire

The opposition to sulfidation of inconel 601 wire in the occurrence of hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen is largest at the warmth of 1200oF to 1400oF or 650oC to 760oC. The decrease of heaviness works out the entire degradation of experiment after century hour introduction to open atmosphere.

The inconel 601 alloy wire is effortlessly made and machined and welded by following the benchmark methods. The welding types are presented that offer the relative functionality over the groundwork material in the entire service conditions. Just like the standard nickel alloys comprise of high nickel content that should be cleansed before it is warmed up.

     

The pointless materials like grease, oil and dust should be eradicated from the material former to heating system. The alloy is warmed in the status of smaller engrossment of sulfur. The fuel for open heating system should consist of smaller amount of sulfur. In order to avoid the huge oxidation of alloy, the furnace conditions should be minimized slowly.

The inconel 601 alloy is not forced by heat treatment. The wide variety of forces and hardness that can be obtained with the alloy by the blend of freezing processing and annealing. The magnitude of work and the part dimension of the material is advised to follow the annealing procedure. The influence of annealing temperature on the tensile power of freezing treated inconel alloy is shown in the below table:

Annealing Temperature °F	Tensile Strength, ksi	Yield Strength, ksi	Elongation%
1750	174.0	166.0	5
1800	114.0	56.5	32
1850	113.5	53.5	34
1900	105.0	43.0	37
1950	107.0	41.0	36
2000	104.0	43.0	39

The alloy is annealed at the given temperatures for two minutes and water chilled.

The presence of aluminum and chromium offers inconel 601 alloy capability to make the refractory surface oxide while heating system that can not be annealing in the financial used furnaces. The pickling is absolutely vital to produce the bright levels on the alloy parts that are heated. The focused pickling methods are absolutely vital for alloy 601 due to its opposition to the chemical methods. The light - weight oxide on the material that are annealed and chilled in nonattendance of air can be eradicated by the nitric or hydrochloric acid solution as shown in the underneath table:

Process	Solution Temperature	Immersion Time
Immerse in solution of: 20-25% Nitric Acid 1½-2% Hydrofluoric Acid 2-3% Sodium Chloride Balance Water	130°F (54°C)	10-20 min
Water Rinse	140°F (60°C)	-
Immerse in solution of: 15-20% Sodium Hydroxide 3-5% Potassium permanganate Balance Water	190-200°F (88-93°C)	1-2 hr
Immerse in solution of Step 1	130°F (54°C)	10-20 min
Water Rinse	140°F (60°C)	-
Immerse in solution of: 2-3% Ammonium Hydroxide Balance Water	70°F (21°C)	3-5 min
Water Rinse	140°F (60°C)	-

The rate of chilling after the heating system system has minor effects on the mechanical characteristics of inconel 601 wire. But if the alloy is to be pickled or open in the rigorous situation, it is quenched rapidly through the 1000 – 1400oF or 540oC to 760oC temperature to prevent the sensitization.

Nichrome resistance strip

Nichrome (Nickel Chromium alloy) Resistance Strip

Nichrome (Nickel Chromium alloy) Resistance Strip consisting of 80% nickel and 20% chromium by weight. The other trade forms of nichrome strip are Cr20Ni80 Cr30Ni70 Cr15Ni60 Cr20Ni35 Cr20Ni30. 

Nichrome (Nickel Chromium alloy) Strip has large melting point of 1400oC (2552oF). An addition of chromium improves the resistance property of nickel. It offers premium performance in furnaces and it resists corrosion in the moisture air and has good wear resistance. 

   

Specifications of Nichrome (Nickel Chromium alloy) Resistance Strip

Strip Size

Thickness: 0.05mm above, Width: 2mm above

Physical Properties of Nichrome (Nickel Chromium alloy) Resistance Strip

Property	Min.	Max.	Units (S.I.)
Atomic Volume	0.0065	0.0072	m3/kmol
Density	7.75	8.65	Mg/m3
Bulk Modulus	110	205	GPa
Elastic Limit	170	2100	MPa
Endurance Limit	130	1150	MPa

Properties of Nichrome (Nickel Chromium alloy) Resistance Strip:

1. It has relatively high resistivity and very good resistance to oxidation at high temperatures.

2. The ultimate tensile strength of Nickel Chromium Wire is 105,000 PSI(Pounds per Square Inch), yield strength is around 50,000 PSI, and modulus of elasticity is 31 x 106 PSI.

3. Nickel Chromium Wire is good for anti-corrosion and high resistant co-efficiency

Nichrome (Nickel Chromium alloy) Resistance Strip Applications:

1. Good deformation ability, thermal stability, mechanical character,shockproof ability in thermal state and anti-oxidization.

2. Highly recommended for resistance heater elements operating at high temperatures or running under cyclic heating and cooling conditions.

3. High resistivity and very good resistance to oxidation at high temperatures. 

In addition of a relatively high specific resistance, Ni-Cr alloys join all the necessary properties for good performances in use of furnaces: Resistance to oxidation (they are not sensitive to aggressions of humid air).

Heanjia Super Metals Co. Ltd. is professional manufacturer of Nichrome (Nickel Chromium alloy) Resistance Strip consisting of 80% nickel and 20% chromium by weight. 

Nichrome Resistance Heating Wire

         Nichrome (Nickel Chromium alloy) Resistance Heat Wire

Nickel chromium wire is one of the oldest recorded alloys used for resistance heating. Nichrome is a non-magnetic alloy made from nickel, chromium and iron that sports a high electrical resistivity and superb resistance to oxidation at high temperatures. So whether it is used as a bridge wire in explosives, a support wire use in kilns or even part of the heating element in a hair dryer, nichrome wire is an outstanding resistance wire.

Nichrome alloy has unique properties such as high electrical resistivity, oxidation and corrosion resistance and a high melting point. Hence, nichrome finds use in many applications that involve high heat such as in explosives, household appliances and even in arts and crafts. Due to its high resistance and melting point, nichrome wire is used primarily in electric heating elements. This means everything from hair driers, ovens, toasters and more rely on this special custom wire.

Nickel chromium wire finds use in many explosive and firework application, often as a bridge wire for electrical ignition systems. This is the reason nichrome wire is used in many electrical matches and model rocket igniters.

Many ceramics make use of the high heat resistance of nichrome wire for an internal support in their ceramics as they are fired in a kiln. As nichrome can survive up to 1400 °C it has no trouble getting through the high heat involved in ceramic firing.

Properties of Nichrome (Nickel Chromium alloy) Resistance Wire:

1.      It has relatively high resistivity and very good resistance to oxidation at high temperatures.

2.      The ultimate tensile strength of Nickel Chromium Wire is 105,000 PSI (Pounds per Square Inch), yield strength is around 50,000 PSI, and modulus of elasticity is 31 x 106 PSI.

3.      Nickel Chromium Wire is good for anti-corrosion and high resistant co-efficiency

Applications of Nichrome (Nickel Chromium alloy) Resistance Wire:

1.     These elements are commonly found in precision heating applications such as Medical Diagnostics, Satellite, and Aerospace

2.      Electrical appliance industry

      3.   Ironing machines, water heaters, plastic moulding dies, soldering irons, metal sheathed tubular elements, cartridge elements.

Heanjia Super Metals Co. Ltd. is professional manufacturer of Nichrome (Nickel Chromium alloy) Resistance Wire consisting of 80% nickel and 20% chromium by weight. The other trade forms of nichrome wire are Cr20Ni80 Cr30Ni70 Cr15Ni60 Cr20Ni35 Cr20Ni30.